New semantic suggestions which is on the items neighbor inside the newest lexicon will not, this means, incorporate a specification out of intercourse; next-door neighbor are unclear (or general, or unspecified) to what dimension away from intercourse
Polysemy is the well-known identity to your state in which an effective lexical item enjoys one or more meaning, instance when later often means ‘following the common, asked, otherwise arranged time’ (I’m late once more), ‘complex in the go out otherwise night’ (a late eating), otherwise ‘no longer alive’ (my personal later sister Polly). Terminologically talking, polysemy has to be in comparison that have homonymy and, even more important, vagueness. When a couple (or maybe more) terms have a similar profile, instance bank (‘mountain, height within the water or river bed’) and lender (‘monetary institution’), he is homonyms; whereas polysemy relates to multiplicity regarding definition contained in this an individual keyword, the latest multiplicity is distributed over certain terms when it comes to homonymy. Therefore, making a big change anywhere between polysemy and homonymy boils down to determining whether or not our company is speaing frankly about one plus the exact same keyword or which have several different ones. The brand new distinction between vagueness and you will polysemy requires the matter of whether or not a particular piece of semantic information is the main hidden semantic design of the item or perhaps is the consequence of a great contextual (thus pragmatic) specification. As an instance, next-door neighbor isn’t polysemous within readings ‘men dweller next door’ and you will ‘women dweller next-door,’ in the same manner that the utterance my personal next-door neighbor try an excellent civil slave will not be thought to be demanding disambiguation about method in which she’s smart you’ll (Could you suggest ‘bright’ otherwise ‘stylish’?).
To decide between polysemy and you will vagueness, a number of evaluating shall be invoked. The three fundamental of these would be the after the. Very first, from a facts-theoretical attitude, an effective lexical items are polysemous in the event it is https://datingranking.net/cs/christiancafe-recenze/ also as well be certainly correct and you may demonstrably incorrect of the identical referent. Considering the readings ‘harbor’ and you will ‘strengthened nice wine from Portugal’ of vent, brand new polysemy of this item is done by the phrases instance Sandeman is actually a port (when you look at the a bottle), not an interface (which have vessels). So it requirement generally grabs good semantic intuition: are two perceptions regarding a given expression naturally sufficiently unlike very that one may be considered pertain together with most other perhaps not?
Particularly, he’s according to acceptability judgments on the phrases containing a couple related situations of one’s product involved (one of hence matical relationship ranging from both incidents means the semantic label, the fresh resulting phrase are an indicator with the polysemy out-of the object
Second, linguistic evaluating cover syntactic in place of semantic intuitions. For-instance, the new therefore-titled label sample pertains to ‘identity-of-experience anaphora.’ For this reason, at nighttime the newest watercraft enacted the latest port, and so did brand new bartender is actually embarrassing in case your a couple lexical meanings regarding port reaches share. Overlooking puns, it does just imply that the latest ship and the bartender exactly the same passed new harbor, otherwise alternatively one both moved a specific sorts of wine regarding one to place to various other. A mixed discovering, in which the very first density away from port is the harbor therefore the 2nd to drink, is frequently excluded. By comparison, the fact that new notions ‘vintage sweet wine out-of Portugal’ and ‘blended nice drink out-of Portugal’ will likely be shared in Antique Noval are a slot, and thus are blended Sandeman implies that vent are unclear instead than polysemous with regard to the new difference between mixed and you will antique wine.
Third, the fresh new definitional requirement specifies that an item have multiple lexical definition if you have no minimally particular definition since the expansion of your own goods as a whole, and that it does not have any far more lexical definitions than simply you will find maximally general meanings wanted to identify the expansion. Significance from lexical activities would be maximally standard in the sense which they is always to coverage since higher an effective subset of the extension away from something to. Therefore, independent significance to possess ‘mixed sweet fortified wine out-of Portugal’ and ‘classic nice strengthened wine off Portugal’ cannot qualify meanings away from lexical significance, because they can feel lead along with her under the meaning ‘nice fortified wine away from A holiday in greece.’ At the same time, meanings are minimally certain in the same way which they is to be sufficient to distinguish the thing off their nonsynonymous affairs. A maximally standard definition layer each other port ‘harbor’ and vent ‘form of wine’ according to the definition ‘issue, entity’ try omitted because doesn’t take the latest specificity out-of port due to the fact distinctive from other terminology.